What is provisional tax? Provisional tax is an aid provided by SARS to allow you to pay your annual tax in two or three payments instead of everything at once upon the submission of your income tax return. When do I declare and pay provisional tax ? Taxpayers who are liable to declare and pay provisional tax needs to submit their returns twice a year, with the option of a third provisional tax declaration as well. The first return will be due 6 months after your financial year has started – For individuals and companies with a February year-end, this would be August each year. The second return would be due 12 months after your financial year has started – For individuals and companies with a February year-end, this would be February. The calculation will be the actual figures for the first 6 months of the year, estimated over a 12-month period using average figures and drawn up budgets to get as close as possible to the provisioned profit over 12 months. The tax is then calculated on this taxable income/profit, and only half of the tax amount is then payable on the first provisional tax submission. The same calculation is then done in month 12 with more accurate figures, and the tax amount minus the amount paid with the first provisional tax submission is then due upon the second provisional tax submission. A third provisional tax submission is then submittable within 7 months after the financial year-end – For individuals and companies with February year-ends this would be in September. The third provisional tax submission is completely optional and is only recommended if you need to submit a top-up payment to cover the tax for the period if you underestimated the taxable profit with your first and second provisional tax submissions. Who is liable for provisional tax? Companies & trusts are automatically liable for provisional tax and should keep their provisional tax returns and payments up to date to avoid penalties on either non-submission or underestimation of provisional tax. Only certain individuals are liable to register and submit provisional tax returns. Individuals who earn income other than a salary or any income on which no income tax has been deducted should register for provisional tax. This includes interest from investments (above the threshold – R23,800 if you are below 65 and R34,500 if you are above 65), rental income, consulting/contracting fees which is not listed on a pay slip, if you are trading as a sole proprietor, independent contractors, etc. Practical examples: 1.       Companies Suppose the company’s year-end is February 2026, this would mean the financial year is from March 2025 to February 2026, and we are submitting the first provisional tax return in August 2025. The taxable profit as at end of July 2025 is R300,000 (5 months into the year). The calculation would be as follows: R300,000 / 5 months * 12 months = R720,000. This is what we estimate the taxable income will be by February 2026. R720,000 * 27% (standard company tax rate, not Small Business Corporation) = R194,400 R194,400 * 50% = R97,200. This is then the amount if tax which will be due in August 2025. Now we get to January 2026 and the taxable income is 850,000 (11 months into the year) R850,000 / 11 months * 12 months = R927,272 R927,272 * 27% = R250,363 R250,363 – R97,200 (first provisional tax)= R153,163. This would then be due in February 2026. Let’s say we got to January 2026 and the taxable profit was R500,000. This would of course mean that we overestimated the taxable profit in August 2025, so we will pay a lot less in second provisional than in first provisional: R500,000 * 27% = R135,000 R135,000 – R97,200 = R37,800. This would then be due in February 2026. 2.       Individuals Suppose the individual is below 65 years of age, has a rental profit of R50,000, interest earned of R9,000 and a gross salary earned of R200,000 on which the employer already deducted R30,000 PAYE by July 2025. The interest is R9,000 / 5 months * 12 months = R21,600 which is under the threshold of R23,800 so there will be no tax implication The salary of R200,000 + rental profit of R50,000 over 12 months = R600,000 The PAYE already deducted is R30,000 / 5 * 12 = R72,000 First provisional tax: ((R600,000 – R512,800) * 36%) + R121,475 = R152,867 R152,867 – R17,235 = R135,632 (primary rebate) R135,632 – R72,000 = R63,632 (PAYE) R63,632 * 50% = R31,816 which will be due in August 2025 for the first provisional tax submission.      The same calculation will then be done in February 2026 for the second provisional tax submission as used in the example for companies. Interesting facts: Individual taxpayers who are not registered for provisional tax must submit their annual income tax returns between July and October each year. Provisional taxpayers can submit between July and January of the following year. SARS automatically registers / deregisters you for provisional tax based on the information submitted on your income tax return, but you can also voluntarily register for provisional tax. SARS levies an underestimation of provisional tax penalty on the submission of your income tax return if the taxable income on your second provisional tax submission is lower than the taxable income on your income tax return submission. The calculation differs depending on whether the taxable income is more or less than R1mil.   SARS then further levies interest on the late payment of provisional tax which can be avoided if you submit a top-up payment with your third provisional tax submission. Individuals whose taxable income is below the tax threshold (R95,750 per annum in 2024 – 2026) are not liable for provisional tax. Public Benefit Organizations are exempt from provisional tax. Do not hesitate to reach out for any enquiries or uncertainties. We are here to assist!   Best regards, Simónne Roodt (SAIPA) CEO and Director OPTIMUM RATIO

It happens more often that we hear of friends or family who get a job opportunity abroad, whether it be temporary or permanent. With all the planning and VISA applications and residency permits, etc, one rarely stops to think about the tax implications of such a decision in South Africa and only focuses on the future and the tax implications in the new country. Although it might not make sense to most people, it is unfortunately the regulations stipulated by law that SARS works on a World Wide Tax system, which means that you have to pay tax in South Africa on income earned from both local and foreign sources. There are, however, a few tax reliefs provided which need to be considered and applied for/filed correctly. Firstly, a test needs to be done to determine whether you are a South African resident for tax purposes. There are 2 tests that apply to determine this: Ordinarily Residence Test This basically means that South Africa is the country to which you would return to from your wanderings as your usual place of residence. Certain factors are taken into account with this test, such as: Where does the rest of your immediate family reside Do you have a permanent residence permit in a foreign country? Are you registered for tax in the foreign country? Do you have a long-term employment contract with a foreign company which requires you to work in a foreign country? Where are your belongings stored? Which assets do you own in South Africa? Where are you registered for your social, educational or sports activities, such as a church, gym, sports clubs, school, etc. If most of these answers point back to South Africa, it would be clear that your stay abroad is only temporary, and you intend to return to South Africa, which would mean that you are still seen as a South African resident for tax purposes. In the case that you do not qualify as a South African resident based on the ordinarily residence test, one needs to apply the physical presence test. Physical Presence Test  If an individual is physically present in South Africa for the below stipulated periods (all 3 need to be met), then he/she would be considered a resident in South Africa for tax purposes:           More than 91 days physically present in South Africa during the year of assessment under consideration More than 91 days physically present in South Africa during each of the five years preceding the year of assessment under consideration More than 915 days in total during those five preceding years of assessment In addition, any individual who meets the physical presence test but is outside South Africa for a continuous period of at least 330 full days will not be regarded as a resident from the day on which that individual ceased to be physically present.   Should you not qualify as a resident on either of the two above-mentioned tests, then you will qualify as a non-resident in South Africa for tax purposes. Very important – This needs to be declared to SARS. SARS does not automatically become aware of your residency status. You need to apply for E-filing to SARS to change your tax status from resident to non-resident; otherwise, you will remain a resident and have to declare both your South African and foreign income on your tax returns. What does it mean to be a non-resident: You are exempted from having to declare your foreign income to SARS and pay any taxes thereon. The only reason you would still submit your income tax returns to SARS is if you earn any South African-sourced income, including interest, rent, consulting fees, retirement annuity, etc. If you have no ties to South Africa from an income point of view, you will not have any obligation to keep submitting your tax returns annually to SARS. Many people believe one then needs to financially emigrate as well. Financial emigration is a fairly complicated and costly process, which I recommend to very few people. SARS has recently announced that one can withdraw your retirement annuity fund/pension fund before the age of 55 if you have been financially emigrated for a period longer than 3 years. Should you wish to proceed with this option, then you would of course need to proceed with the financial emigration process. This is also done on e-filing, and once the process is approved, SARS issues you with a Tax Pin, which is then provided to your financial institution to assist with the withdrawal process. What tax relief options do I have as a RESIDENT in South Africa working abroad? Section 10(1)(o)(ii) applies to a South African tax resident who renders services abroad for a period of more than 183 days within a 12-month period, of which more than 60 days are consecutive. Up to February 2020, if you meet the above requirements, the total amount earned would be exempt from tax in South Africa. From 1 March 2020, however, only the first R1,250,000 is exempt from tax in South Africa – The exceeding amount will still be eligible for tax in South Africa on the normal income tax brackets as any South African-sourced income. Furthermore, section 6quat allows for a foreign tax credit. This reduces your tax bill in South Africa, with the taxes already paid abroad. Please note that the tax credit is used as a rebate, meaning that it can only reduce your tax liability to SARS and not create a tax refund from SARS, as these taxes were never paid to SARS but instead to the foreign tax authorities. Also note that this foreign tax credit is limited to the taxable portion of the foreign income earned. If R1,25mil from your total income earned abroad is exempt, the same portion of your taxes paid abroad may not be used to decrease your tax amount in South Africa. Let’s use a practical example: John works on a farm in America from January to September (9 months, 273 days). He earns a total of R3,500,000, on which he paid taxes of R500,000 in America. After his 9 months abroad, he returns to South Africa indefinitely. John hence qualifies as a tax resident for tax purposes and he also qualifies for the Section 10(1)(o)(ii) exemption of R1,25mil, as well as the Section 6quat foreign tax credit. His calculation on his income tax return would be as follows: Taxable income: R3,500,000 – R1,250,000 = R2,250,000 Tax calculated on taxable income: (((R2,250,000 – R1,817,000) * 45%) + R644,489) – R17,235 = R822,104 Foreign tax credit: R2,250,000 / R3,500,000 = 64,29% 64.29% * R500,000 = R321,450 Tax payable: R822,104 – R321,450 = R500,654 I hope you enjoyed the article and that it has cleared up any uncertainties. Please do not hesitate to reach out for any assistance or further guidance on the matter. Best regards, Simónne Roodt (SAIPA) CEO and Director OPTIMUM RATIO

Many business owners mistakenly believe that any income generated by their business automatically belongs to them and can be used or withdrawn at any time without tax consequences. However, it is important to understand that a company is a separate legal entity, distinct from its owners. Just as individuals have ID numbers, companies have registration numbers, and both are linked to their own unique Income Tax numbers issued by SARS. As a result, SARS requires an annual income tax return to be submitted for each entity. The taxable profit of a company (in simple terms) is calculated by subtracting deductible business expenses, incurred in the process of generating income, from the total business income. This profit is then taxed at a flat corporate tax rate of 27%. If you draw a salary from the company, that salary is treated as a deductible business expense, reducing the company’s taxable profit. However, the salary you receive will then be taxed in your personal capacity according to the individual income tax brackets, as follows: Once an individual’s annual taxable income reaches approximately R850,000, their effective personal income tax rate is roughly 27%, aligning with the company tax rate. Income below this level is taxed at a lower effective rate. Therefore, it’s important to compare the taxable profit of the business with your personal taxable income to determine how much salary can be drawn from the company before the personal tax rate effectively matches the company tax rate. If you withdraw funds from your business that are not part of your taxed salary, these amounts are recorded as owner’s drawings against your loan account and reflected as an asset in the company’s books — meaning you owe that money back to the company. Conversely, when you contribute personal funds into the business, this is credited to your loan account, showing a credit balance which reflects that the company owes you that amount. Withdrawing from this credit balance has no tax consequence, as it simply repays money you previously lent to the company. However, if your loan account reflects a debit balance — meaning you owe the company — SARS requires that interest be charged on this outstanding amount at the SARS prescribed rate (currently 8.5% per annum), which is treated as additional taxable income for the company. When you start your own business, it’s quite common for personal and business expenses to overlap. For example, your cellphone, motor vehicle, Wi-Fi, and computer may be used for both personal and business purposes. When clients ask me, “As a business owner, how much should I pay myself as a salary?”  my advice is as follows: Write down what your total monthly expenses are individually. This would typically consist of: Rent, water & electricity, cell phone contract, wi-fi contract, car premium, fuel, insurance, medical aid, school fees, groceries, entertainment, etc. Identify which of these expenses may legitimately be paid by the business. Keep in mind that any expense must be directly connected to the income-generating activities of the business. For example, as an accountant, I cannot claim dog food as a business expense because it has no relation to the services I provide. However, for a pet kennel or dog breeding business, dog food would be a valid deductible expense as it directly relates to the income they earn. The remaining expenses, which are purely personal and not related to generating business income, will form the minimum amount you need to earn as your net salary. I also recommend including certain fringe benefits in your salary structure, such as medical aid and retirement annuity contributions, as these can offer valuable tax advantages. (For more detail, refer to The Basics of Individual Income Tax in South Africa  and Medical Tax Credits  previously posted on our website.) I know this is quite a lot to take in, but I’d be happy to discuss it further and answer any questions you may have. Starting a business is challenging enough — your accounting and tax matters shouldn’t add to that stress. My goal is to help simplify this part of your journey. Best regards, Simónne Roodt (SAIPA) CEO and Director OPTIMUM RATIO

Section 6A of the Income Tax Act allows for a Medical Scheme Fees Tax Credit to every main member contributing to a medical aid. The tax credit cannot result in a tax refund; it is only given as a tax rebate to reduce your income tax payable. SARS allows the following tax rebates per month: R364 for the first 2 dependents (R4,368 per dependent per year) R246 for each additional dependent (R2,952 per dependent per year) Let’s say, for example, the father is the main member of the medical aid with his wife and 2 kids as the dependents. This means he will get a tax rebate of R14,640 per year on his income tax return. Section 6B of the Income Tax Act allows for an additional medical tax rebate on expenses incurred which was not covered by the medical aid. The calculation works as follows: Taxpayers younger than 65 without any disabilities: Total contributions to a medical aid during the year of assessment Minus 4 x Section 6A tax credit Plus additional qualifying medical expenses paid not covered by the medical aid Minus 7.5% of your taxable income for the year Times 25% T axpayers older than 65 or with any disabled dependents: Total contributions to a medical aid during the year of assessment Minus 3 x Section 6A tax credit Plus additional qualifying medical expenses paid not covered by medical aid Times 33.3% It is important to note that only qualifying medical expenses may be claimed. Your general medical stock at home like plasters, earbuds, vitamins, etc. does not qualify. It needs to be medication that was prescribed to you by a doctor. Once you are selected for an audit, SARS requests the doctor’s prescription, the pharmacy receipt as well as the proof of payment for the cost incurred. If the main member or any of the dependents has a disability, you can apply for an ITR-DD form from your doctor which would allow you to then claim additional expenses incurred for the disabled dependent such as diapers, a caretaker, adjustments to the house, etc. If you are not the main member of the medical aid but you indeed pay for your medical aid, then you can still qualify for Section 6A and 6B. This is a bit more complicated to complete on your return, but as long as you have the proof of the payments and the main member is willing to declare their return accordingly, then you can qualify for the medical tax credit. If you do not contribute to a medical aid, you will unfortunately not qualify for the Section 6A or Section 6B Medical Tax Credits. Please reach out if any of the above information makes you feel uncertain or if there’s anything I can assist with. Best regards, Simónne Roodt (SAIPA) CEO and Director OPTIMUM RATIO

The Workmen’s Compensation Fund  is a government-managed fund established under the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act (COIDA) . It is compulsory  for all employers to register with the fund and make annual contributions. The fund functions similarly to an insurance policy, offering financial protection to employers in the event that an employee is injured or contracts a disease while on duty. What Does the Fund Cover? It’s important to note that the Workmen’s Compensation Fund only covers employees . It does not  provide cover for clients, patients, students, or members of the public who may be injured on your premises. For that type of risk, you would need public liability insurance . In the event of an injury on duty , an employer can submit a claim to the fund. If approved, the Workmen’s Compensation Fund will cover or reimburse: Medical expenses Lost wages  while the employee is unfit for duty Death benefits  to dependents, in cases where an employee passes away due to a workplace incident Compensation  for employees who contract certain work-related diseases Registration and Annual Submissions As an employer, you are required to register with the Compensation Fund within seven (7) days  of hiring your first employee. Each year, in April , you must submit your Return of Earnings (ROE) . This includes: The total salaries paid  over the past 12 months Your estimated salaries  for the upcoming 12 months Your contribution is calculated by multiplying your total payroll by your industry-specific risk factor , which is determined by the nature of your business and the likelihood of workplace injuries. Once your payment is processed, you will receive a Letter of Good Standing , which serves as proof that your contributions are up to date and your business is compliant. This letter is required in order to lodge any claims  with the Compensation Fund. Need Assistance? If you need help registering with the Workmen’s Compensation Fund, or submitting your annual Return of Earnings, or any related enquiries; please feel free to reach out. I’m here to assist you and ensure your business stays compliant. I look forward to hearing from you! Best regards, Simónne Roodt (SAIPA) CEO and Director OPTIMUM RATIO

A Small Business Corporation is a private company that complies with various requirements per the Tax Act, which will be clearly set out below. If a company meets the definition and requirements of an SBC (Small Business Corporation), it can take advantage of progressive tax tables (as opposed to the fixed 27% corporate tax rate for companies) and also accelerated depreciation for certain assets. What are the benefits that an SBC may enjoy? A company is normally taxed at the standard corporate tax rate of 27% on the total amount of taxable profit. If you, for example, earned R100,000 throughout the year with R50,000’s deductible expenses, then your tax for the year would be: R100,000 – R50,000 = R50,000. R50,000 * 27% = R13,500. An SBC, however, is taxed on SBC tax rates, which are as follows: If we use the above example of a R50,000 profit, there would be 0 tax payable as it is below the threshold of R95,750. Let’s use a taxable profit of R550,000: Standard corporate tax @ 27% = R148,500 SBC tax rates = R57,698 Accelerated depreciation on certain assets. IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) prescribes depreciation rates/periods for certain assets to be used on the financial statements. For example, motor vehicles get depreciated over 5 years, Computer Equipment over 3 years, Furniture & Fittings over 6 years, etc. SBC deduction rates allow for 100% of the full cost of any plant or machinery used in manufacturing in the year it is purchased, or if not used in manufacturing, then 50% in year 1, 30% in year 2 and 20% in year 3. The requirements for a company to qualify as an SBC: The annual turnover of the company may not exceed R20 million. All shareholders of the company must be natural persons (meaning individuals and not other companies or trusts). The shareholders of the company may not hold shares/membership in any other company or closed corporation, unless (including but not limited to): The other company is listed on a South African exchange The other company has not carried on any trade (dormant) and neither holds assets with a market value of more than R5,000 Not more than 20% of the gross income consists collectively of investment income or income rendering a personal service. Investment income refers to interest, dividends, royalties, rental income from immovable properties, annuities, etc. A Personal Service includes any service in the field of accounting, actuarial science, architecture, auctioneering, auditing, broadcasting, consulting, draughtsmanship, education, engineering, financial service broking, health, information technology, journalism, law, management, real estate broking, research, sport, surveying, translation, valuation or veterinary science, which is performed personally by any person who holds an interest in the company or Close Corporation, except where such small business corporation employs three or more unconnected full-time employees for core operations. The company may not be a Personal Service Provider A Personal Service Provider is a company or trust where a person, who is a connected person in relation to such company or trust, personally renders services on behalf of the company or trust to a client. Apart from meeting this definition, one of the following also needs to be met: Such a person would be regarded as an employee of the client if the service was rendered to the client other than through the company or trust under consideration, or Where the service must be performed mainly at the premises of the client and the company or trust is subject to control or supervision of the client as to the manner in which the duties are performed, or Where more than 80% of the income of the company or trust consists of amounts received from any one client or associated institution PS – A company or trust is excluded from the definition of a Personal Service Provider where, throughout the year of assessment, three or more employees are employed who are engaged full-time in the business of such company. Phew! That’s a lot of information. In short, if you buy and sell products (and not deliver a service), your turnover is less than R20 million in a financial year and the shareholders of the company are individuals who are not also shareholders of other companies, then you have the green light. Of course, you still need to read through the fine print set out above. If you, however, render a service and do not have 3 or more unconnected employees who assists full-time in the business operations, then things might get a bit trickier. As always, I’m here to help - please don’t hesitate to reach out with any questions or queries. If there’s a particular topic you’d like me to explore in a future post, I’d love to hear from you. Best regards, Simónne Roodt (SAIPA) CEO and Director OPTIMUM RATIO

I have always wondered why Income Tax was/is not a compulsory subject in school as part of life orientation. Every tax resident in South Africa must comply to the rules and obligations as set out by The Income Tax Act (58 of 1962), but without the necessary guidance or research it is very easy to navigate through life without staying compliant to these requirements. The South African Revenue Service (SARS) has become very strict on non-compliant taxpayers by imposing hefty penalties and interest on late submissions, non-submissions or incorrect declarations varying between 10% to 200% of undeclared income/tax implications. I have thus taken the time to set out a few very basic guidelines on how Income Tax in South Africa work and what your obligations as a taxpayer in South Africa entails. As always, you are welcome to reach out to us with any enquiries that we can assist with or for any further guidance on your specific situation. Who needs to register for Income Tax in South Africa? Firstly, no one is automatically registered for income tax, this is done manually through either a SARS branch, E-filing or E@syfile. Secondly, there is not a specific age where you become liable to register. The moment you start earning an income (excluding of course pocket money from your parents) you need to register for income tax and declare this to SARS. Lastly, always remember that a financial year runs from 1 March to 28 February. The financial year we are currently in, for example, started on 1 March 2024 and will end on 28 February 2025. Similarly, the next financial year starts on 1 March 2025 and will end on 28 February 2026. There are however certain exclusions where SARS does not require for a taxpayer to submit an income tax return, but in various places in your life you will need to declare your income tax number as statutory information like when opening a bank account, applying for finance, applying for a job, registering a company, etc. I would hence recommend you get an income tax number the moment you finish school/your studies to have this in place when it is needed. The exclusions where SARS  does not require for a taxpayer to submit an income tax return: If you earn under R350 000 for a full year of assessment from one employer (gross earnings before tax) and have no other sources of additional income (for example, interest or rental income) and no deductions that you want to claim (for example medical expenses, travel or retirement annuities), then you don't need to submit an annual income tax return. I do however have a different opinion on this for the following reason: When you earn a salary from an employer that is noted on a monthly payslip, your employer is obligated to file an IRP5 certificate for you at year-end. This IRP5 certificate is then linked to your ID number and will hence automatically pull through on your income tax return once opened. The same goes for interest on an investment or bank account, medical aid contributions, withdrawals from a retirement annuity fund, etc. I have experienced that when SARS (or rather E-filing which is an automated program) picks up that there is information appearing on your return (without you having to declare it as mentioned above), they expect you to file the annual return for the year in which these income or contributions were incurred. On your Tax Compliance Certificate, it will reflect that you are not compliant due to outstanding returns and SARS will also raise penalties on late submission if you miss the deadline. In my opinion, I would hence suggest that you file every year and stay up to date, irrespective if you earn less than R350,000 per annum (R29,167 per month) just to ensure that you are always tax compliant, and that SARS will not surprise you with accumulated penalties that you were not aware of. Who knows – You might be getting a refund after filing! It’s a win-win. How do I file my tax returns? As mentioned above, the financial year ends on 28 February. The annual filing season then opens for submission in July that same year (normally around the 16th) and will be open until October of that same year (normally around the 21st) for non-provisional taxpayers. Provisional taxpayers have time to submit until January the following year (normally around the 20th). There are a few ways to file your return, including: Going to a SARS branch Through E-filing Through the E-filing Mobile App The most popular way is through E-filing (option 2). Every taxpayer needs to create their own E-filing profile (or they can do it through their accountant who typically has a Tax Practitioner profile). If you follow the link below, you will choose “Register” after which you will complete all your information and submit specific FICA documentation, including your ID, proof of residence, proof of bank account and a photo of yourself holding your ID. Once this process is completed, SARS will confirm within 21 working days whether your profile is successfully activated. https://secure.sarsefiling.co.za/landing How is my income tax calculated? Income tax for individuals is calculated on an “Income Tax Bracket”. The more you earn, the higher tax rate you’ll pay. There are certain exclusions, deductions and rebates that may get a bit more complex, but rest assured – I am here to help! Exclusions typically include the annual interest exclusion (R23,800 if you are < 65 years, R34,500 if > 65 years of age), foreign investment income exclusions, local dividends, reimbursive travel allowances, subsistence allowances (under certain conditions), bursary allowance, etc. An exclusion means that this income is exempt from taxable income. Deductions will mostly be contributions to a retirement annuity or pension fund, submitting a logbook when a fixed travel allowance or the right of use of a motor vehicle as a fringe benefit is included in your IRP5, a big variety of expenses if  more that 50% of your income earned is commission in source, etc. Rebates includes a medical rebate (this only applies if you are the main member who contributes to the medical aid, or if you can prove that you make the contributions yourself even though you are not the main member), foreign tax rebate on foreign income, and then also the primary/secondary and tertiary rebate. The last mentioned is a rebate that every tax resident in South Africa are entitled to. The rebates are used to lower your income tax payable (not your taxable income) and is limited to R0, meaning that it can not create a refund from SARS. It can only reduce your tax payable to R0. Primary rebate for persons younger than 65: R17,235 Secondary rebate for persons older than 65, but younger than 75: R26,679 Tertiary rebate for persons older than 75: R29,824 Medical rebate (R364 per month for the first two dependants plus R246 per month for each dependent after that) I believe I covered most of the topics that I think a tax resident in South Africa should be aware of. There are of course a lot of other information that might be applicable to yourself, such as operating a sole proprietorship (an unregistered business in your personal name), earning and working abroad, capital gains of the sale of assets, working from home and claiming a home office expense, etc. I would love to answer all your questions and assist you with getting your tax matters up to date so that you do not need to feel concerned. Please feel fee to reach out to me on the contact details provided on the website. I look forward to hearing from you! Best regards, Simónne Roodt (SAIPA) CEO and Director OPTIMUM RATIO